PRJDB52 Global gene expression analysis of gill tissues from normal and thermally selected strains of rainbow trout The objective of the present study was to investigate genes related to upper temperature tolerance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, a cold-water species with considerable economic importance, by global gene expression analysis using a next generation sequencing system. Fifty millions of paired sequences from gill tissues each of the thermally selected strain developed by selective breeding and standard Donaldson strain were assembled into transcripts. We integrated the data of both strains, identifying 13,092 independent known genes by BLASTX search. Then, we performed a back-mapping of raw reads from both strains onto the genes to investigate their frequency of expression. The 324 genes showed at least a 2-fold difference in the thermally selected strain compared with Donaldson strain, and 44.4% of commonly expressed genes were categorized into 38 functional groups by annotation. Genes encoding heat shock proteins and c-fos related proteins were highly expressed in the thermally selected strain. On strategy to employ next generation sequencing was very next are useful to find genes responsible for upper temperature tolerance of rainbow trout. Global gene expression analysis of gill tissues from normal and thermally selected strains of rainbow trout bioproject PRJDB52 PRJDB52 true