PRJDB11894 Gut microbiota of Japanese centenarians We performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on gut microbiota from centenarians (100-115 yo; average 107 yo; n=162), elderly (85-89 yo; average 86.4 yo; n=112), young (21-55 yo; average 31 yo; n=40) individuals and lineal relatives of centenarians (48-95 yo; average 74.7 yo; n=22). The 16S rRNA gene hypervariable V1-V2 regions were PCR-amplified using universal primers (a barcoded 27Fmod and 338R) and, multiplexed amplicon pyrosequencing was carried out using Illumina MiSeq. We have identified that microbiota composition of centenarians was significant different from those of control groups. Gut microbiota of Japanese centenarians bioproject PRJDB11894 PRJDB11894 true We performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on gut microbiota from centenarians (100-115 yo; average 107 yo; n=162), elderly (85-89 yo; average 86.4 yo; n=112), young (21-55 yo; average 31 yo; n=40) individuals and lineal relatives of centenarians (48-95 yo; average 74.7 yo; n=22). The 16S rRNA gene hypervariable V1-V2 regions were PCR-amplified using universal primers (a barcoded 27Fmod and 338R) and, multiplexed amplicon pyrosequencing was carried out using Illumina MiSeq. We have identified that microbiota composition of centenarians was significant different from those of control groups.