SRX16848512 GSM6432149_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453256 GSM6432149 GSM6432149 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848513 GSM6432150_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453257 GSM6432150 GSM6432150 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848514 GSM6432151_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453258 GSM6432151 GSM6432151 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848515 GSM6432152_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453259 GSM6432152 GSM6432152 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848516 GSM6432154_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453260 GSM6432154 GSM6432154 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848517 GSM6432155_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453261 GSM6432155 GSM6432155 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848519 GSM6432156_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453262 GSM6432156 GSM6432156 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848520 GSM6432157_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453264 GSM6432157 GSM6432157 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848521 GSM6432158_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453265 GSM6432158 GSM6432158 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848522 GSM6432159_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453266 GSM6432159 GSM6432159 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848523 GSM6432160_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453267 GSM6432160 GSM6432160 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848524 GSM6432161_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453269 GSM6432161 GSM6432161 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000 SRX16848525 GSM6432162_r1 SRP389972 PRJNA866128 SRS14453268 GSM6432162 GSM6432162 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA Adult and fetal human donor eyes were donated for research following informed consent by family members and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All adult human tissue was provided by NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services or the Newcastle and Sunderland NHS Trust following ethical approval (18/YH/04/20). The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (MR/R006237/1) Human Developmental Biology Resource under ethics permission 08/H0906/21+5 issued by the NorthEast-Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee. All donor information is reported in Table S1. Five eyes from adult donor tissues and four samples from 12-21 PCW terminations were used for scRNA-Seq. All donor eyes were received in the laboratory within 24h post-mortem and the eye globe was further dissected in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) immediately after collecting tissue. Two further eye samples from one intermediate AMD patient and one unaffected subject were obtained through exenteration procedures performed at RVI, Newcastle (Table S1). To acquire foveal and peripheral RPE and choroid from these, a 7 mm macular-centred punch and a 7mm peripheral trephine from the inferotemporal region were used, as shown in Figure S5. The neural retina was separated from the underlying RPE and choroid. The excised RPE was dissociated to single cells using a multi tissue dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec). Dissociation time varied from 15 to 45 minutes depending on the age of the tissue and a gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec) was used to aid dissociation of the adult tissue. Cell count and viability were monitored using a Tali Image-Based Cytometer and Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For scRNA-Seq, cells were captured, and libraries generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3′ Library & Gel Bead Kit, version 3 (10x Genomics). scRNA-Seq libraries were sequenced to 50,000 reads per cell on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Illumina NovaSeq 6000