SRP410265 PRJNA905862 16S rDNA Sequencing of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with Alcohol Dependence Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been reported in alcohol dependence (AD). Dysbiosis often co-occurs with disruptions of rhythmicity of the gut microbiota itself. This disruption of rhythmicity of the gut flora could have a profound impact on the severity and prognosis of AD. Nevertheless, data on rhythmicity of the gut flora in AD patients are limited. To our knowledge, our study is the first investigation showing that the gut microbiota, in addition to alterations in its makeup, in AD patients exhibits disruptions of rhythmicity, exemplified by the enhanced diurnal oscillation of beta-diversity and a lower percentage of diurnally oscillating operational taxonomic units. We also found that AD patients with high daily alcohol consumption, a short disease duration, mild withdrawal severity, and high craving levels exhibited more pronounced disruptions of rhythmicity. These observations are the first evidence of how rhythmicity of the gut microbiota in AD patients is disrupted, providing insights that may support the development of therapeutics that modulate rhythmicity of the gut microbiota.