SRX23677474 GSM8086725_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508465 GSM8086725 GSM8086725 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677475 GSM8086726_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508466 GSM8086726 GSM8086726 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677476 GSM8086727_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508469 GSM8086727 GSM8086727 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677477 GSM8086728_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508467 GSM8086728 GSM8086728 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677478 GSM8086729_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508468 GSM8086729 GSM8086729 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677479 GSM8086730_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508471 GSM8086730 GSM8086730 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677480 GSM8086731_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508470 GSM8086731 GSM8086731 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677481 GSM8086732_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508472 GSM8086732 GSM8086732 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677482 GSM8086765_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508473 GSM8086765 GSM8086765 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677483 GSM8086766_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508474 GSM8086766 GSM8086766 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677484 GSM8086767_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508475 GSM8086767 GSM8086767 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677485 GSM8086768_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508476 GSM8086768 GSM8086768 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677486 GSM8086769_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508477 GSM8086769 GSM8086769 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677487 GSM8086770_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508478 GSM8086770 GSM8086770 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677488 GSM8086771_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508480 GSM8086771 GSM8086771 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677489 GSM8086772_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508479 GSM8086772 GSM8086772 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677490 GSM8086773_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508481 GSM8086773 GSM8086773 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677491 GSM8086774_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508482 GSM8086774 GSM8086774 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677492 GSM8086733_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508483 GSM8086733 GSM8086733 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677493 GSM8086734_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508484 GSM8086734 GSM8086734 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677494 GSM8086735_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508485 GSM8086735 GSM8086735 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677495 GSM8086736_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508486 GSM8086736 GSM8086736 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677496 GSM8086737_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508487 GSM8086737 GSM8086737 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677497 GSM8086738_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508489 GSM8086738 GSM8086738 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677498 GSM8086739_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508488 GSM8086739 GSM8086739 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677499 GSM8086740_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508490 GSM8086740 GSM8086740 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677500 GSM8086741_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508491 GSM8086741 GSM8086741 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677501 GSM8086742_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508493 GSM8086742 GSM8086742 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677502 GSM8086743_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508492 GSM8086743 GSM8086743 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677503 GSM8086744_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508494 GSM8086744 GSM8086744 ATAC-seq GENOMIC SINGLE CELL other For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677504 GSM8086745_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508495 GSM8086745 GSM8086745 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677505 GSM8086746_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508496 GSM8086746 GSM8086746 ATAC-seq GENOMIC SINGLE CELL other For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677506 GSM8086747_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508497 GSM8086747 GSM8086747 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677507 GSM8086748_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508498 GSM8086748 GSM8086748 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677508 GSM8086749_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508499 GSM8086749 GSM8086749 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677509 GSM8086750_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508500 GSM8086750 GSM8086750 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677510 GSM8086751_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508501 GSM8086751 GSM8086751 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677511 GSM8086752_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508502 GSM8086752 GSM8086752 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677512 GSM8086753_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508503 GSM8086753 GSM8086753 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677513 GSM8086754_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508504 GSM8086754 GSM8086754 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677514 GSM8086755_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508505 GSM8086755 GSM8086755 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677515 GSM8086756_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508506 GSM8086756 GSM8086756 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677516 GSM8086757_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508507 GSM8086757 GSM8086757 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677517 GSM8086758_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508508 GSM8086758 GSM8086758 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677518 GSM8086759_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508509 GSM8086759 GSM8086759 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677519 GSM8086760_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508510 GSM8086760 GSM8086760 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677520 GSM8086761_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508511 GSM8086761 GSM8086761 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677521 GSM8086762_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508513 GSM8086762 GSM8086762 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677522 GSM8086763_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508512 GSM8086763 GSM8086763 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550 SRX23677523 GSM8086764_r1 SRP490632 PRJNA1078349 SRS20508514 GSM8086764 GSM8086764 RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC cDNA For seminoma tissues and testicular tissues beyond 15 wpf, ttissues were minced by scissors and dissociated into single cells by Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 1 (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For testicular or other fetal tissues below 12 wpf, isolated tissue fragments were washed twice with PBS followed by being minced with scissors in 500 μl of 0.1% trypsin/EDTA solution, then incubated for 9 min at 37°C with gentle pipetting every 3 min. After quenching of the reaction by addition of 500 μl of dissection medium (10% fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), cell suspensions were strained through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer to remove cell clumps then centrifuged at 220 g for 5 min. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS and counted. All samples were stained with trypan blue and confirmed to be over 80% viable. Total RNA of iPSCs and ITGA+EPCAM+ hPGCLCs are extracted with RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (#74034, QIAGEN). RNA-seq libraries were made using SMRT-Seq HT plus kit (#R400748, Takara) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (SINGLE CELL) Chromium Single Cell 3ʼ Reagent (v3.1 chemistry) and Chromium Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kits were used for library preparation NextSeq 550