SRP090146 PRJNA343440 Improved performance of microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production cell with scaled-up anode and high applied voltages The aim of this study was to improve performance of the microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production cell (MEDCC) using extended anode lengths and high applied voltages. MEDCCs with anode lengths of 9 and 48 cm (i.e., the 9 cm-anode MEDCC and 48 cm-anode MEDCC, respectively) were tested under different voltages (1.2 - 3.0 V). Results demonstrated for the first time that the MEDCC could maintain high performance even under the applied voltage higher than that for water dissociation (i.e. 1.8 V). Under the applied voltage of 2.5 V, the maximum current density and desalination rate in the 48 cm-anode MEDCC reached 32.8 ± 2.6 A/m2 and 39.7 ± 3.5 mg/h, respectively, which were two and 1.8 times higher than that under 1.2 V. The anode potentials in the MEDCCs were kept stable from -0.100 to -0.250 V, indicating that the electrochemically active bacteria could maintain metabolic activity and prevent water dissociation even under the applied voltage as high as 3.0 V. Geobacter and Chlorobiaceae were dominated in the anode biofilm of 48 cm-anode MEDCC and their relative abundance changed with the distance from the cathode. Our results should provide valuable information for the optimal operation condition of the bioelectrochemical system. bioanode metagenome