SRP221482 PRJNA565209 GSE137338 Linking the effects of helminth infection, diet and the gut microbiota with human whole-blood signatures Purpose: Helminth infection and dietary intake can affect the intestinal microbiota, as well as the immune system. Methods: Here we analyzed the relationship between fecal microbiota and blood profiles of indigenous Malaysians, referred to locally as Orang Asli, in comparison to urban participants from the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Results: We found that helminth infections had a larger effect on gut microbial composition than did dietary intake or blood profiles. Trichuris trichiura infection intensity also had the strongest association with blood transcriptional profiles. By characterizing paired longitudinal samples collected before and after deworming treatment, we determined that changes in serum zinc and iron levels among the Orang Asli were driven by changes in helminth infection status, independent of dietary metal intake. Serum zinc and iron levels were associated with changes in the abundance of several microbial taxa. Conclusions: There is considerable interplay between helminths, micronutrients and the microbiota on the regulation of immune responses in humans. Overall design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal samples from human study participants. Treatment consisted of 3 doses of albendazole 400mg/day, and post-deworming samples were collected approximately 3 weeks later. Please note that the micronutient/diet characteristis are done 1x per person, thus same value shown at both time-points for people sampled twice Raw data of microbial 16S rRNA sequencing has been deposited on Qiita (https://qiita.ucsd.edu/), with the study identifiers 11912 and 11913 GSE137338 pubmed 31841569